GARRY LLOYD lurched into the open,
staggered and fell. He was aware that the
Terror crept up behind him. He got to his
feet, grasping the thorny branch of an
acacia for support. He must reach higher ground
before it caught up.
His bony, mask-like face set. The flat black
mustache bristled stubbornly, his brown eyes grew
glassy as the pain pounded and pulsed. He longed
to take time to cut the "jigger" from its sac under
his toenail. Objects swayed distorted before his
eyes; he hoped that it was not the walking fever.
Never had he felt such heat. The sky was pale,
parched blue. The sun blazed formless and white-hot.
A steamy shroud-like haze gnawed at the
horizon. Back of the mist lay safety and the hills.
Far to the southwest was the forest beyond the Bahr
el Ghazal. To the south where the Mountains of the
Moon should have been, was a sooty cloud fading
into yellow. Was this the cause of the flood? Could
the Mufumbiro volcanoes be at it again? No chance
to reach Kota or Wadeli.
About him, vast in its solemn desolation, was
the swamp. To his right flowed the saffron flood of
the river, lapping, gurgling as it slid silently into its
backwaters. From under the haze it slipped, coiling,
and beyond it slid into the haze, a shape of fear.
There was no peace or quiet here, not even when
one listened. And death— death was in the air, the
morass breathed decay. It flew on harp-like wings,
it crawled, it pounced. It was the home of death—
this swamp.
Beyond, mile upon mile, the apple-green mop-headed
papyrus quivered, its bifid filaments
glistening, broken here and there by stagnant pools.
Lilies of blue, red, and white grew here. Here the
razor-billed stork with its red beak and bronzy-green,
black and white plumage stood a silent
sentinel. It was in such a pool of silence that Lloyd
had lost both his Somali gun bearers; the only
survivors of the rapids.
His mouth set stubbornly, his eyes glowed with
dull fury to destroy, his hands clutched at the hot
barrels of his Holland. He pulled the battered green
Topi further down to protect his neck, shifted the
pack on his galled shoulders. There was little time,
for the Terror crept higher with dirty little tongues
at his very boots.
A flock of cowherons hovering over a matted
patch of elephant grass spoke of danger. Probably a
herd of buffalo, but it might be elephants.
Lloyd plunged once more into the game trail.
The papyrus met over his head. After the glare the
shadows seemed purple-black and the air stank,
freighted with hot steamy decay. His boot splashed.
Snails slimed the black mud. He slapped at the
"booma" fly, killed it. To the cloud of mosquitoes
that rose he paid no attention. Again he slapped,
this time examining the dead fly. It was a tsetse. He
prayed to God it was not infected with sleeping
sickness.
God! How he hated Africa!
Again he emerged into glare and white heat. A
flock of egrets froze into immobility. Beyond them,
very still, sprawled five crocodiles, jaws agape,
eyes cold and baleful. The sand spit on which they
lay was yellow; about its ends curled the yellow
current.
The egrets rose with a sighing rustle and floated
off like the petals of a white flower. Warily Lloyd
crossed the spit. From high over head floated down
the wail of a kite. And never ceasing rustled the
papyrus, furtive and sly with hidden life. Never
ceasing churred and croaked the frogs, and never
ceasing shrilled and buzzed the insects.
Ahead of him, now so near he could see the
scarlet midriff of the raphia palm fronds, rose the
kana or island of higher ground. Again he paused.
A hippopotamus squealed. Hollow, mysterious, the
pulsing notes beat into his ears. The shenzi drums
beat out their message, boom, boom, boomaroom,
boom! From afar beyond the horizon followed
silence. Then from the west, nearer, he heard the
answer. Boom-a-ranga, boom, boom!
He could almost see the naked black men
squatting beside the yellow tree trunks, beating
their message. They might be laughing at him— at
him—
"Another white man dead. Mjuba, we are glad.
It served him right. The river gods were angry.
They ate his canoes, his servants, all his
belongings, in the rapids it had taken place. The
crocodiles were many. Eya, they feasted on those
swakilis. He is a great man, but the gods of the
river they ate him. Ha! ha! He was a great hunter—
oh, yes, he was a great hunter. The linghas have
said it. It was to shoot the white rhinoceros— he of
the square lip. Yes, it was so. But he will shoot no
more— and we are glad, eya, Mjuba."
The Terror had grown bolder. It lapped at
Lloyd's feet, hungry. Suddenly he gasped. Beyond
his vision he heard the notes of a launch engine. It
would mean rescue. He forgot caution and began to
run at a stumbling trot.
Once he all but fell on a crocodile. He must
reach a vantage point where he could signal the
launch. The wooded island in the swamp loomed.
There was no mistaking, it was a launch, but the
trees and thick bush hid all the sight of it. He
waded waist-deep. So far as he could see, the
ground was at least sixty acres in extent, and it was
now surrounded by water. He had been just in time.
He stumbled onto dry ground, but was forced to use
his heavy kukri knife, as the jungle was thick. He
shouted, wild with anxiety lest the launch should
leave. He was about to fire the elephant gun when
an explosion louder than a hundred rifles shook the
air. Followed splashing sounds, then silence.
Panting and sweating, Lloyd cut his way toward
the east side of the island. Here the main river ran
close and it was from this direction he had heard
the sound of the explosion.
The going was easier. He forgot thirst, fatigue,
tortured body. Of the launch he could see nothing.
An agony of doubt and fear assailed him. He cried
out from beyond a clump of flowering acacias.
He heard a shriek. What in God's name might
that mean?
From behind massed yellow blossoms fled a
white woman! A girl in battered pith helmet, her
skirts clinging to her, torn and muddy.
"Hurry, oh, hurry, it's taking Uncle John!" In
her hand she held an automatic. "I don't know how
to fire it. Oh, God! Hurry!"
Lloyd said nothing, but rushed behind the
screen of blossoms. There, littering a sandy beach,
was strewn the remains of a steam launch. He
arrived just in time to see an old man's face,
bloody in death, vanish beneath the swirling
saffron flood . . . for a moment above the swirl
there was a serrated tail that lashed the water.
Despair seized Lloyd. Was it worthwhile
fighting? What was the use? The girl joined him,
sobbing. Lloyd snorted. What was a woman doing
out here? No sensible man would venture into this
country.
"Sit down," he said, clumsily patting the heavy
shoulders, "here on this crate."
Lloyd saw the river rising with terrible rapidity.
It might be the sudd damming up things.
"Let's chin, this isn't so bad. Six feet of land yet
before the flood gets up— then there are the trees.
You need not worry, your uncle was dead before
the crocodiles got his body."
Lloyd told her of his predicament, of his
misfortunes. She was a weak, helpless little thing,
but somehow she gave him courage. Her pale little
face with the velvety, soft brown eyes held a
poignant appeal. The drooping scarlet lips, the
clenched little hands, the dented helmet all touched
his manhood.
Watching him as he deliberately cut the jigger
from his toe she spoke haltingly:
"I'm Myrtle Tabor, a missionary. We came in a
launch from below Lado, on our way to Kota. Mr.
Gleason was my uncle. We had to come in here for
wood, fuel, you know. We hit something. The
Mercy," nodding toward the launch, "began to sink.
We were getting our things out, she was near shore.
I was carrying some kerosene up there by the palm
and then the boat blew up and the two Uganda
boys— were gone. I pulled Uncle John up, he was
all bloody, and ran for the bandages, then a
crocodile poked its head out of the water and got
his foot. I screamed."
"We must get ready for— anything," he replied.
"We aren't the only refugees on this— er— I
suppose it's an island now. First we must make a
fire and boil some water. I'm dry as the 'Gobi. '
Watch out for the flies with crossed wings; they
look like small house flies. Don't let them bite you.
Put gloves on if you've got them."
Lloyd gathered wood. Never had he seen so
many insects. The woods were alive with scorpions
and centipedes, driven there by the floods. Cicadas
and great blue and red butterflies patched the wild
datewood palm fronds; ants swarmed. Myrtle
Tabor watched the man work and shuddered at the
great gray scorpions.
Soon they had water to drink, and both ate, for
Lloyd had insisted on this. The Terror was all about
them now, eating away at the bank; a great mapoli
tree like an English elm fell splashing mightily into
the flood.
Carefully choosing the highest point on which
grew a tall borassus palm, Lloyd cleared away the
ground. A bloated puff adder lividly chevroned
black and white struck from its lurking place
beneath the fleshy-mottled aloe leaf. Around the
palm bole Lloyd built a strong boma of thorn limbs.
The fire was built in there; all the cases that might
prove useful he carried here, the girl obeying him
mechanically as he directed.
The girl sobbed and often shuddered. The
afternoon wore on. Always the creeping Terror
licked higher. Always the horror was nearer. Lloyd
shuddered at the thought of the night they faced.
Hour by hour the island grew smaller as the river
rose, only the mop-headed tops of the papyrus rose
above the water. Of the shore they could catch no
glimpse. Only a swirling, polished saffron flood
that lapped and whispered.
Back of them in the gloomy, moving bush there
came sound of many living things, restless and
afraid. About the island in gathering numbers
floated dark objects patiently waiting for the gift of
the creeping Terror. Back in the purple-mottled
gloom the restless sounds were growing louder,
more fearful. A dreadful menace was gathering;
these dumb things felt it first. Ever increasing, the
crocodiles swam about the doomed island. Slowly,
inch by inch, the land was swallowed by the river.
The heat was less tormenting. The insects,
however, grew more and more numerous. Life of
all kinds was gathering, packed closer and closer
by the Terror that crept. Now even the elephant-grass
tops only showed here and there. A great sea
slid by almost silently. As it touched the haze the
sun grew scarlet. It lit the river in a deep, blood
color, while the little waves were tinkling, dancing
flames. Only ten acres remained above water. The
girl moaned; he saw that she gazed at the red-headed,
red-tailed lizards that moved restless, at the
hordes of beetles and insects of all kinds that wove
about on the ground. Above them the slate-gray
bats hung feasting with twitching ears. The
crocodiles had moved closer, circling.
Lloyd put more wood on the fire and prepared
to climb the palm. There was plenty of rope; he
thanked God for that fact. Tying his feet together
and making a loop, he began to climb. Bracing
himself, he hitched jerkily up the trunk. At the top
he had to dislodge a horde of ants, who attacked
him savagely, until he was able to drive them out
with kerosene. Here amid the dark green, fan-shaped
fronds would be safety if anywhere.
Never would he forget the girl's cry as he began
to lift her by means of the rope to the palm top. She
turned and saw the lions! There were three of them,
all males. Even as he heaved and strained, he
watched their nervously twitching tails, heard the
angry snarls. Again and again she shrieked. Now
she was up gasping and clinging to him; he tied her
so she could not fall. He laced lianas amongst the
fronds.
The lions had vanished and in spite of her
pleadings he descended to the ground. In place of
the lions he saw a monitor lizard and two warthogs
grunting and snuffing. A darting mongoose ran
hither and thither, barking, strangely excited. Then
he saw snakes everywhere. Cobras for the most
part, gliding restlessly about, twined in all the
lower growth. Around the branch of a Euphorbia
which was in the sunset light, he counted six big
snakes; one of the largest was almost lemon
yellow. Two slim, green mambas, three of the
dreaded ringhals breed.
Article after article they pulled into the palm
top. As the darkness crept on, the animal life more
and more crowded, became articulate as the Terror
seized and held them. The huge fig tree branches
swayed and trembled with its many refugees. Now
the island crawled with life. Once more he was in
the palm top. Myrtle's hand sought his and held it.
Below them the island slowly changed shape as the
river rose. More and more numerous were the black
oblong patches. They looked like floating coffins.
A myriad of cliff swallows flitted about.
Lloyd endeavored to cheer the girl. "Like
Noah's Ark or— or a menagerie, isn't it?" He was
surprised at the high, cracked tone in which he
spoke. The Terror that crept had now got him in its
power. It was terrible to think of that slow, slow
rise with those saurian guardians to drag one down,
deep down into the mud. It had grown almost dark
amongst the trees; so dark that many eyes glowed
and winked out; eyes of all shapes and sizes, but all
lit with the same Terror.
There was something very unnatural in seeing
so many wild things crowded together. Amongst a
grove of hyphaene palms Lloyd saw the restless
swaying hulks of a herd of elephants; further away
at the far end of the shrinking land, a ring of
buffaloes pawing and snorting, their bossed horns
clicking sharply as their heads met. Along the
water line, moving restlessly and gazing toward the
hidden hills, stood Kobs hartebeeste, bush buck,
oribi and other antelope, and looming larger were a
pair of giant elands.
On the top of the raphia palm nearest was
perched two marabou storks, hideous heads tucked
down into hunched-up shoulders. Over all other
tones came an insistent, seething gnawing. A
mimosa limb, which shook and trembled like a live
thing with the ague, had lost its actual outlines.
Ants by the million were everywhere. Near
them they saw a group of scorpions impotently
jabbing and striking with their fanged tails, but the
ants swarmed over them.
A big hairy spider met the same fate, that of
being eaten alive!
Where the light still fell, the ground crawled
with insects. Cane rats, hedgehogs and smaller
things of all kinds ran hither and thither, covered by
the biting plague. Once a hyena moaned. Jackals
yapped and howled, furtive shapes snapped at the
insects all over them. . . . The antelopes had begun
milling. The buffaloes still stood in circular
formation, heads and horns forming a barrier.
Now and then they bellowed, stamping to shake
off the ants; their protests held a leathery, creaky
note. The two in the palm tops gasped as they
breathed; there was something frightful in this
scene of destruction, something fascinating, too.
Below them a warthog barked, screamed and ran
amuck. They saw a mamba, its hood spread flat,
sway before the warthog's muzzle and strike. They
heard the squeals, almost articulate.
All about the crocodile had begun bellowing,
long gong-like sounds that had a quality of
brainless cruelty. They were triumphant; it was
their hour; they would feed well. Above all in a
spiraling funnel soared kites and vultures. Then
with a spectacular suddenness it was dark. The two
tied up in the borassus palm could see nothing, yet
they knew the Terror crept up, eating at their
safety. The clamor from below became louder,
edged with ferocity and all but articulate with the
Terror. Pungent, acrid scents permeated the air
about them. The odor of crushed insects, the
fragrance of mimosa and acacia, the mud and
musky reek of crocodiles, civets, and servals all
added to the mingled stench. From the trees about
came the agonized chatter and squeak of monkeys;
the barking of baboons; the occasional whistling
trumpet of elephants; the snarling of cats, and
filling in the clamor the crepitating, crawling insect
horde . . . killing and being killed, but seeking
safety.
The moon rose out of a bed of thin ghastly mist.
. . . It was immense and crimson in color. All about
them was water. Water that glimmered black with
silver lacquer. Mist floated about them. From
below through a pall of mist arose terrific sounds of
combat. Here and there a treetop emerged into the
brilliant light of the moon. Their refuge, thought
Lloyd, must be awash. Sharp staccato shrieks.
Bubbling, gurgling moans, loud splashes, told the
end of many creatures. How much longer would
their palm stand? Occasionally it shook at the
impact of some animal's body. The clamor grew
louder; sometimes there was individuality of note
as when the lions roared, not low and satisfied as
after a kill, but high, snarling, shrieking roars. Or
when a leopard coughed and spat from the limb of
the fig tree near them. Below them was lust . . .
unthinkable slaughter. Once the girl went limp.
Lloyd's face was mask-like. Fear gripped him, for
he knew the Terror was creeping up!
Beyond them, monkeys danced and chattered;
blood dripping from them. Ants were everywhere,
hiding in the leaves. A python, lashing and
twisting, crashed down, ants raining from its body.
Cobras clung to the constrictor like ribbons. The
reek of musk and mud grew stronger. Again the
mist parted. On limbs of a gambach tree danced
and hopped a group of lean baboons. Their white
teeth gleamed as they grimaced. Below them in the
water were crocodiles that snapped at them with an
audible click. It was to avoid the gaping, saw-like
jaws that the apes leaped in their dance of death.
Now the clamor had grown into a tortured
babel, made up of squeals; the crack of breaking
bones; bellowing, hissing, panting breaths; dull,
thudding splashes; snapping, tearing limbs;
grunting, coughing, roaring, shrieking and
monotonously reiterated splashings. Lloyd
shuddered and groped protectively for the girl.
Each splash meant another death. Again he
caught sight of the scene below.
Almost all of the land was underwater. All the
smaller living things had disappeared. Many
antelopes were missing, the remainder fought in a
frenzy of berserker rage, full to the last with their
wish to survive. Always ready, always waiting lay
the great lizards, fang-studded, jaws agape at the
creeping Terror's edge, their rough bodies lapped
by the silver-lacquered flood.
Still the river rose. Tight-packed and jammed
the animals fought. Eyes that gleamed red in the
moonlight; lolling scarlet tongues; horns wet with
blood; teeth that gleamed from foam-flecked lips,
drawn back. The herd of buffaloes slowly pushed
their way forward as the water drove them back.
Their blue-black, hairless hulks gleamed wet. A
bull charged at a palm tree, catapulting its monkey
refugee out into the water together with the reddish
palm fruit. It was terrible to see them sink, for none
rose. The elephants, too, had moved nearer to the
great fig tree whose denizens, tortured to madness
by the ants, were dropping off already half-eaten by
the savage insatiable insects. Now the smell of
blood rose sickeningly sweet. The mist had
thinned. Through its gauzelike veil crocodile eyes
ringed the doomed land. Crocodile tails flayed the
rising river into yellow foam.
Only an oryx and three elands remained from all
the antelopes. These were soon dragged into the
flood in spite of their utmost resistance. The
buffaloes stood knee-deep in water. Lloyd peered
from between two fronds; below there was nothing
of their boma left. Not once had he fired his gun.
From the water a small shape crawled. Slowly it
climbed, tediously and pausing often. The water
was not more than forty feet below. The borassus
palm vibrated now continually. Lloyd looked down
again; the little thing was close, it raised a terrified
little face. It was only a small black monkey!
"Save it, oh, the mite," the girl breathed. Lloyd
had not seen that she had noticed.
He reached down and grasped the little furry
thing. It made no attempt to bite. Myrtle Tabor took
the baby simian with a gulping sob and held it
close; it cuddled, trembling in the girl's arm.
A splash followed by a roar made Lloyd look
down. A porcupine, bristly black and white, had
tumbled out of the fig tree; pierced by his quills
was a long black mamba. The porcupine had fallen
on a lion's haunches. The big cat had been hunched
on a fast crumbling anthill near to the fig tree.
Rolling off the lion the porcupine spun bobbing in
the current; all about it, like a shower of sawdust,
floated ants. The lion, maddened by the long, sharp
quills, leaped into the midst of the buffalo herd.
Here he clawed and bit his way over the blue
backs, his tawny body and black-manged head
gored by heavy horns till it jetted blood.
The crocodiles, taking advantage of the fight,
crawled in and took a heavy toll. The second lion
ran amuck, then the third, at the same time joined
by the leopard, who sprang clawing at a crocodile,
ripping the saurian wide open. Still the reptile
turned and crunched the leopard's head. The two
sank beneath the water, bubbles and smothered
screams arose as a fighting muddy mass reappeared
to sink again.
Only the six elephants were left. These huge
creatures moved restlessly about, stamping at the
enemies who evidently did their best to attack them
from beneath the water. With ears cocked out
straight and small tails vertical, the little herd
trumpeted again and again. Their trunks waved and
curled with increasing menace; their wrinkled, gray
bodies smeared with debris and blood. Two cows
from the herd began butting and pushing the
remaining three, as if by this deed they might
protect themselves. One palm after another was
uprooted in this way, all their unhappy occupants
falling into five feet of water which now covered
what had been the highest elevation.
Lloyd loaded and sighted his double-barrel
crocodile rifle.
"I've got to shoot those two elephants or they
will get us."
Myrtle looked at him with wide, almost
unseeing eyes. . . . He took careful aim, shot and
killed the first cow immediately; she sank to be
tugged off by the water fiends.
Still the river rose, but now more slowly. Again
the booming thunder of the rifle spoke. The recoil
jerked his shoulder back. The cow fell at the
smashing impact of the heavy bullet, got up again,
bright, arterial blood welling out of the wound. She
screamed a terrible note. Lloyd reloaded. He had
eighteen cartridges left. . . . If the remaining four
elephants charged their palm it meant certain death.
Trumpeting shrilly, mouth open, the mortally
wounded cow had fallen, recovering, got slowly
and ponderously to her knees, fumbled with her
trunk under water, grasped something, lifted it out
of the water. A twelve-foot crocodile! She swung at
the reptile— it clawed futilely at her trunk— Lloyd
saw the crocodile's jaws open and close, heard the
wet snapping click; saw the crocodile hurled into
the fig tree; the shower of insects that fell like hail
into the water; heard the cow splash as she slowly
toppled; saw the crocodile fall, a broken-headed,
lashing cripple, saw them both dragged under
water, the four other elephants, one huge bull with
curling tusks, charge the fig tree; saw them belly-deep
attack its branches, heard the branches snap
and tear; saw the tree topple, for the river had
undermined its roots; it swayed and began to fall. It
made a mighty crash. . . .
The moon had nearly set. . . . Its glancing rays
gilded the insect snow that followed the great tree
as it bobbed and gyrated slowly down the river.
Now there were the three elephants. All about
them floated in a ring, the crocodiles, their eyes
growing green by the moon's last light. Lloyd
waited with cocked rifle. The girl, with bent head
low, talked in whispers to the little monkey that
whimpered and clung with arms about her neck.
Only three palms besides their own topped the
current; all swayed alarmingly. The end must be
near!
The elephants made no more hostile moves.
They stood trumpeting shrilly and stamping at the
unseen attackers as they swayed.
Now it was dark again. Centuries of awful
suspense seemed to pass. Lloyd waited. Once there
was a great splashing, gurgling scream and a
terrific pounding thumping, a something that rained
water on them as it hurtled over. Again, silence.
Lloyd thought the Terror no longer crept, the
current slackened. Dawn broke gray over the
ghastly, yellow flood, mist-shrouded. Only one
palm was left standing besides their own, only one
elephant; the great bull stood swaying and lashing a
bloody trunk, now not belly-deep. Suddenly the sun
appeared a blazing, scarlet, fiery flower. There
were not so many crocodiles, yet the big bull
elephant was being attacked. Lloyd admired the
lone survivor. What courage! What strength! The
elephant stood bathed in ruddy sunrise glory; his
trunk felt about and probed where something pulled
and tugged at the hind leg. With a jerk the bull
grappled and tore his tormentor from the water. It
was the largest crocodile that Lloyd had ever seen.
The monster was over twenty feet in length, his
belly was yellow and scabrous with moss. The
creature's jaws were wide, its mouth looked white
inside. The bull elephant lifted it, inspected it long,
then— pushed it under the water.
With slow, deliberate hate it stabbed with its
tusks again and again. Once more it lifted the
saurian— its wounds were hideous— this time he
lowered it, and putting his ponderous front foot
down, pushed. He saw the elephant straining with
its tusks. Even at that distance he could see its wild
little eyes were lit with the killing hunger. Slowly,
with a ripping, hideous note, the big lizard broke
and tore. Its great jaws in their death agony had set
and cut the big bull's trunk. The bull stood slowly
swaying, then with a bubbling trumpet-note of
mingled torture and triumph, he turned, trunk
curled over his head, ears wide, back deluged by
his own blood, and began to walk into the deep
water. Over him flew a wailing escort of kites,
beside him swam the crocodiles. Now only his
back and head showed, soon only the head, finally
alone the blood-spurting stump of the trunk rose
above the crimson surface of the falling flood.
Then it was gone. . . .
SLOWLY the water fell. Hours of agony passed.
Thirst and heat sickened the two in the palm
tree. It seemed to them the sun's rays were javelins
of fire that quivered bolt-like from the burnished,
brassy sky or danced, gauzelike, over the river.
Lloyd grew delirious. Far off he distinguished
something black that moved. "Delusions. More
carnage," he muttered.
The girl stirred and moaned. . . .
For a moment his mind grew clearer. Long, long
he looked. It was a launch! He fired his gun. The
monkey trembled and the girl shrieked. Again and
again until the eighteen cartridges were gone, he
fired. From over the water the approaching launch-engine
puffed.
To Lloyd's fevered senses it was like the drums.
He sprang up, gesticulating and shouting curses.
"My God! It's Garry Lloyd! He's raving!" said
the D. C., "and if I ain't blind there's a woman and
a monkey with him."
LATER, as the journey upriver was resumed,
the men listened in awed silence to Myrtle
Tabor's story. Her face still wore the look of terror,
yet her eyes were very tender as they fell on Lloyd
who lay on a mat breathing hard. Sitting up
suddenly and staring, he said in a hard, cracked
voice: "A monkey . . . a girl . . . a man and a couple
of palms . . . survival of the fittest. Island, trees,
Noah's Ark . . . all gone . . . crocs and creeping
terror got 'em. . . . It's Africa's way. . . ."
A hunter and a missionary face a voracious menace in the deepest African jungle.